We’ll look at those first, then delve into the three flight conditions.
#Plane airfoil skin
There are also two configuration features to consider: skin condition and flap setting. Each one is characterized by an altitude, airspeed and configuration. To evaluate an airfoil properly in the context of a specific airplane and choose the right section for the wing, we need to look at three flight conditions: cruise, landing and takeoff. Hoping that they will see a performance improvement, they are sadly disappointed when they find their “improved” airplane performs worse than a stock one. A trap more than one modifier has fallen into is when they substitute the new “advanced” airfoil for the one in the original design. The same concern applies when modifying an existing design to try to improve its performance. The new airfoil may actually perform worse at the actual flight conditions for the airplane than another choice. This makes it inappropriate for the design in progress. Often the new airfoil was designed for airplanes with a far different wing loading, cruise speed or cruise altitude than the new airplane a designer is working on. The goal is to minimize cruise drag to get the best performance. When choosing an airfoil, the first flight condition to consider is cruise. Designers and builders will be very tempted to adopt this new technology to improve their airplanes. Periodically, a new airfoil or family of airfoils appear that are widely publicized as “advanced” or “new high-performance” airfoils. The most important thing to understand about selecting an airfoil is that the airfoil must be evaluated at the actual flight conditions that are important for this particular airplane. The airfoil must provide the right aerodynamic characteristics to give the airplane its best performance and acceptable flight characteristics. Once the size and planform of the wing have been determined, it’s time to choose (or design) the airfoil.
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